Thyristor-Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) is used in power systems to dynamically control the reactance of a transmission line in order to provide sufficient load compensation. The benefits of TCSC are seen in its ability to control the amount of compensation of a transmission line, and in its ability to operate in different modes. These traits are very desirable since loads are constantly changing and cannot always be predicted.
TCSC designs operate in the same way as Fixed Series Compensation, but provide variable control of the reactance absorbed by the capacitor device. The basic structure of a TCSC can be seen below:
A thyristor-controlled series compensator is composed of a series capacitance which has a parallel branch including a thyristor-controlled reactor.
TCSC operates in different modes depending on when the thyristors for the inductive branch are triggered. The modes of operation are as listed:
- Blocking mode: Thyristor valve is always off, opening inductive branch, and effectively causing the TCSC to operate as FSC
- Bypass mode: Thyristor valve is always on, causing TCSC to operate as capacitor and inductor in parallel, reducing current through TCSC
- Capacitive boost mode: Forward voltage thyristor valve is triggered slightly before capacitor voltage crosses zero to allow current to flow through inductive branch, adding to capacitive current. This effectively increases the observed capacitance of the TCSC without requiring a larger capacitor within the TCSC.
Because of TCSC allowing different operating modes depending on system requirements, TCSC is desired for several reasons. In addition to all of the benefits of FSC, TCSC allows for increased compensation simply by using a different mode of operation, as well as limitation of line current in the event of a fault. A benefit of using TCSC is the damping of sub synchronous resonance
caused by torsional oscillations and inter-area oscillations. The ability to dampen these oscillations is due to the control system controlling the compensator. This results in the ability to transfer more power, and the possibility of connecting the power systems of several areas over
long distances.
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This article was taken from the introduction of a report which was written by a partner and I, submitted to ECE3333: Power Systems I, taught by Professor Rajiv Varma at the University of Western Ontario.
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